Сёги

Shogi is Japanese chess, notable for its unique 'drop' rule - captured pieces switch sides and can be returned to the board. This means pieces are never permanently lost, making the game extremely dynamic and drawless.

Checkmate the opponent's King. Unlike Western chess, stalemate results in a loss for the stalemated player.

Played on a 9x9 board. Each player has 20 pieces: 1 King, 1 Rook, 1 Bishop, 2 Gold Generals, 2 Silver Generals, 2 Knights, 2 Lances, and 9 Pawns. Pieces point toward the opponent to show ownership.

1. The King moves one square in any direction.
2. The Rook moves any number of squares orthogonally. The Bishop moves any number diagonally.
3. Gold Generals move one square orthogonally or diagonally forward.
4. Silver Generals move one square diagonally or one square straight forward.
5. Knights jump in an 'L' shape (2 forward, 1 sideways) - only forward, and can jump over pieces.
6. Lances move any number of squares straight forward only.
7. Pawns move and capture one square forward (no diagonal capture or two-square first move).
8. Most pieces can promote to stronger forms when entering or moving within the enemy's back three rows.
9. Captured pieces join your reserve and can be dropped on almost any empty square instead of moving.
10. Dropped Pawns have restrictions: no two unpromoted Pawns in the same file, no checkmate by Pawn drop.

Checkmate the King. Draws are extremely rare - perpetual check is forbidden. Games are almost always decisive.

• *Dropping pieces makes defense easier and attacks more complex - always consider where captured pieces might appear.
• *A piece in hand is often worth more than on the board - it can appear anywhere.
• *The Rook and Bishop are powerful but vulnerable to piece drops nearby.
• *Promote pieces when possible, especially Silver Generals and minor pieces.
• *Don't advance your King into enemy territory carelessly - dropped pieces can create devastating attacks.
• *Pawns in hand are dangerous - use them to break formations and threaten promotions.

Shogi evolved from chaturanga like other chess variants, reaching its modern form in Japan around the 16th century. The piece-drop rule makes it unique among chess variants.